Neuroscience and Behavior

Neuroscience explores the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) to understand brain function and cognitive decision-making. This multidisciplinary field utilizes biology, psychology, chemistry, and computer science, focusing on neuroanatomy (brain structures and their functions), neurotransmitters and signaling pathways (neural communication), neuropharmacology (the study of how drugs affect the nervous system), and behavioral paradigms (linking neural mechanisms to behavior). These combined approaches help decipher normal brain function and the dysregulation underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, which are characterized by the progressive loss of nerve cells and function.  

Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy provides a foundation for understanding brain structure and function. Key structures like the cortex (cognition), limbic system (emotions/memory), and brainstem (vital functions) help researchers identify brain regions involved in behavior or affected by neurological disorders.

Neurotransmitters and Signaling

Neurons communicate via neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine), which regulate behavior and mood. Understanding neurotransmitter release, reception, and impact clarifies brain function and behavior. Dysregulation of these systems is implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, making them crucial in preclinical neuroscience.

Behavioral Paradigms

Behavioral paradigms are standardized tests that preclinical studies use to assess various behaviors (e.g., spatial learning, locomotor activity, and anxiety). These tools allow researchers to systematically study behavior, evaluate experimental manipulations, and understand the neural circuits involved.

‍

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, involve progressive neuron loss, causing cognitive and motor impairments. Preclinical research aims to understand the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, identify early diagnostic biomarkers, develop disease-modifying therapies, track progression, test treatments, and explore new therapeutic targets.

Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology studies how drugs affect the nervous system, focusing on modulating neurotransmitter systems to understand their roles in behavior and disease. Preclinical studies use pharmacological agents to manipulate these systems, revealing their impact and identifying potential therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders, ultimately leading to new treatments.